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ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Latin for "the way") is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject, which will be the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment, which is currently building the world's largest experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor adjacent to the Cadarache facility in the south of France.〔(The ITER project ). EFDA, European Fusion Development Agreement (2006).〕 The ITER project aims to make the long-awaited transition from experimental studies of plasma physics to full-scale electricity-producing fusion power plants. The project is funded and run by seven member entities — the European Union, India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States. The EU, as host party for the ITER complex, is contributing about 45 percent of the cost, with the other six parties contributing approximately 9 percent each.〔Amos, Jonathan. (14 October 2010) (Key component contract for Iter fusion reactor ). BBC. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕〔(ITER – Our Contribution ). Europa (web portal). Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕〔(Lengthy ITER dispute concludes in favour of France ). European Commission press release. Cordis.europa.eu (28 June 2005). Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 The ITER fusion reactor has been designed to produce 500 megawatts of output power while needing 50 megawatts to operate. Thereby the machine aims to demonstrate the principle of producing more energy from the fusion process than is used to initiate it, something that has not yet been achieved in any fusion reactor. Construction of the ITER Tokamak complex started in 2013 and the building costs are now over US$14 billion as of June 2015, some 3 times the original figure. The facility is expected to finish its construction phase in 2019 and will start commissioning the reactor that same year and initiate plasma experiments in 2020 with full deuterium-tritium fusion experiments starting in 2027.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ITER – the way to new energy )〕 If ITER becomes operational, it will become the largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment in use, surpassing the Joint European Torus. The first commercial demonstration fusion power plant, named DEMO, is proposed to follow on from the ITER project.〔(ITER & Beyond ). ITER. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 ==Background== Fusion power has the potential to provide sufficient energy to satisfy mounting demand, and to do so sustainably, with a relatively small impact on the environment. Nuclear fusion has many potential attractions. Firstly, its hydrogen isotope fuels are relatively abundant – one of the necessary isotopes, deuterium, can be extracted from seawater, while the other fuel, tritium, would be bred from a lithium blanket using neutrons produced in the fusion reaction itself.〔("Fusion fuels" ). ITER. Retrieved 24 October 2011.〕 Furthermore, a fusion reactor would produce virtually no CO2 or atmospheric pollutants, and its other radioactive waste products would be very short-lived compared to those produced by conventional nuclear reactors. On 21 November 2006, the seven participants formally agreed to fund the creation of a nuclear fusion reactor. The program is anticipated to last for 30 years – 10 for construction, and 20 of operation. ITER was originally expected to cost approximately €5billion, but the rising price of raw materials and changes to the initial design have seen that amount almost triple to €13billion.〔 The reactor is expected to take 10 years to build with completion scheduled for 2019.〔McGrath, Matt. (29 July 2010) (Deal finalised on fusion reactor ). BBC. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 Site preparation has begun in Cadarache, France, and procurement of large components has started.〔(ITER website ). Iter.org. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 ITER is designed to produce approximately 500 MW of fusion power sustained for up to 1,000 seconds〔(ITER – The World's Largest Tokamak ). iter.org〕 (compared to JET's peak of 16 MW for less than a second) by the fusion of about 0.5 g of deuterium/tritium mixture in its approximately 840 m3 reactor chamber. Although ITER is expected to produce (in the form of heat) 10 times more energy than the amount consumed to heat up the plasma to fusion temperatures, the generated heat will not be used to generate any electricity.〔(ITER & the Environment ). Iter.org. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 ''ITER'' was originally an acronym for ''International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor'', but that title was eventually dropped due to the negative popular connotations of the word "thermonuclear", especially when used in conjunction with "experimental". "Iter" also means "journey", "direction" or "way" in Latin,〔(iter ). Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid. Catholic.archives.nd.edu. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕 reflecting ITER's potential role in harnessing nuclear fusion as a peaceful power source. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ITER」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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